An evaluation of progress in implementing ecosystem-based management of fisheries in 33 countries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tony J. Pitcher  Daniela Kalikoski  Katherine Short  Divya Varkey  Ganapathiraju Pramod 《Marine Policy》2009

The performance of 33 countries was evaluated for ecosystem-based management (EBM) of fisheries in three fields (principles, criteria and implementation) using quantitative ordination including uncertainty. No country rated overall as ‘good’, only four countries were ‘adequate’, while over half received ‘fail’ grades. A few developing countries performed better than many developed nations. Two case studies test the method. In Indonesia, Raja Ampat and Papua, rated similar to the national evaluation, but better performance might follow successful implementation of a planned EBM initiative. A workshop in Australia rated regional fisheries managed by New South Wales 20% lower for EBM than federally managed fisheries.  相似文献   

Do boat licences have a role in fisheries managed through individual quotas? Experience in Australian fisheries     

Sean Pascoe  Tony Gibson 《Marine Policy》2009

Some economists have questioned the need for retaining boat licences in fisheries managed through rights-based systems on the assumption that licences act as an impediment to autonomous adjustment. In this paper, the role of boat licences in fisheries managed through rights-based instruments is explored through examining their use in several fisheries in Australian and elsewhere. The study concludes that any impediment to autonomous adjustment that is produced by boat licences is likely to be small relative to other factors. Further, boat licences play an important role in offsetting imperfections in the rights-based management systems that exist in most countries.  相似文献   

Small-scale fisheries and food security strategies in countries in the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) region: Angola,Namibia and South Africa     

Merle Sowman  Paula Cardoso 《Marine Policy》2010

This paper provides an overview of the small-scale fisheries sector in countries within the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME), one of the most productive large marine ecosystems in the world. The study revealed that Angola, Namibia and South Africa have very different legal and policy frameworks, show different levels of compliance with international and regional agreements to protect the livelihoods and food security of small-scale fishers, as well as of integration of fisheries into food security objectives. Angolan law recognises and protects small-scale fishers through legal and institutional mechanisms. In Namibia, this sector of fishers is not legally recognised, while in South Africa traditional fishers have been largely excluded from the new fisheries management framework. Trends in national and regional fish consumption and in the extent of export orientation in fisheries are explored, as well as the potential threats to small-scale producers and food security in the region posed by ongoing drives to incorporate fisheries in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreements.  相似文献   

Insights from the users to improve fisheries performance: Fishers’ knowledge and attitudes on fisheries policies in Bahía de Kino,Gulf of California,Mexico     

A. Cinti  W. Shaw  J. Torre 《Marine Policy》2010

This study investigated the interpretation and level of support of government regulations in Bahía de Kino, Sonora, one of the most important fishing communities in terms of diving extraction of benthic resources in the Northern Gulf of California. Research was conducted from April to August 2007, focusing on the small-scale fisheries sector of commercial divers. Information on fishers’ awareness of current policies, fishers’ attitudes concerning different aspects of fisheries regulation, and fishers' suggestions on how their fisheries should be managed, was gathered through structured interviews (including open and closed-ended questions), informal talks and participant observation. Results provide further evidence supporting the need for formally recognizing the fishers as key stakeholders in local fisheries, and for working cooperatively towards the design of management strategies and regulations that provide better stimulus for resource stewardship and discourage overfishing. Very importantly, this study suggests that there is strong support from resource users for implementing regulatory measures for local fisheries. Results could be used as a preliminary baseline to initiate the discussion among fishery stakeholders towards the development of species-specific management plans for the area, as required by the recently enacted fisheries act in Mexico, the “Ley General de Pesca y Acuacultura Sustentables”.  相似文献   

Knowledge-based systems as decision support tools in an ecosystem approach to fisheries: Comparing a fuzzy-logic and a rule-based approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Astrid Jarre  Barbara Paterson  Coleen L. Moloney  David C.M. Miller  John G. Field  Anthony M. Starfield 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(2-4):390

In an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), management must draw on information of widely different types, and information addressing various scales. Knowledge-based systems assist in the decision-making process by summarising this information in a logical, transparent and reproducible way. Both rule-based Boolean and fuzzy-logic models have been used successfully as knowledge-based decision support tools. This study compares two such systems relevant to fisheries management in an EAF developed for the southern Benguela. The first is a rule-based system for the prediction of anchovy recruitment and the second is a fuzzy-logic tool to monitor implementation of an EAF in the sardine fishery. We construct a fuzzy-logic counterpart to the rule-based model, and a rule-based counterpart to the fuzzy-logic model, compare their results, and include feedback from potential users of these two decision support tools in our evaluation of the two approaches. With respect to the model objectives, no method clearly outperformed the other. The advantages of numerically processing continuous variables, and interpreting the final output, as in fuzzy-logic models, can be weighed up against the advantages of using a few, qualitative, easy-to-understand categories as in rule-based models. The natural language used in rule-based implementations is easily understood by, and communicated among, users of these systems. Users unfamiliar with fuzzy-set theory must “trust” the logic of the model. Graphical visualization of intermediate and end results is an important advantage of any system. Applying the two approaches in parallel improved our understanding of the model as well as of the underlying problems. Even for complex problems, small knowledge-based systems such as the ones explored here are worth developing and using. Their strengths lie in (i) synthesis of the problem in a logical and transparent framework, (ii) helping scientists to deliberate how to apply their science to transdisciplinary issues that are not purely scientific, and (iii) representing vehicles for delivering state-of-the-art science to those who need to use it. Possible applications of this approach for ecosystems of the Humboldt Current are discussed.  相似文献   

Multifractal features of the particle-size distribution of suspended sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China     

Jinlin Li  Xiubin He  Jie Wei  Yuhai Bao  Qiang Tang  Jean de Dieu Nambajimana  Gratien Nsabimana  Dil Khurram 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(4):489-500

The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)in China is the largest hydroelectric project in the world,but the threat of sediment affecting ecological sustainability of the reservoir is a topic of concern.Sediment particlesize distribution(PSD)is informative in understanding sediment transport dynamics and biochemical functions.It is,therefore,important to quantitatively characterize the distribution of sediment particles.In the current study,fractal theory is applied to determine the PSD of suspended sediment in the TGR.The results show that the volumetric fractal dimension(D_v)exhibits a significant seasonal difference(p<0.05),reflecting sediment source and hydrodynamic sorting control the granularity of suspended sediment in the TGR.More specifically,suspended sediment particles are coarser in the wet season than in the dry season for the Yangtze River,and the opposite is true for the Ruxi River,an important tributary.The generalized dimension spectrum,D(q)-q,and multifractal singularity spectrum,f[α(q)]-α(q),were calculated for each suspended sediment sample.Thereafter,the parameters,D(0),D(1),D(2),α(0),Δα(q),andΔf[α(q)],were determined to characterize the PSD.As a result,the coarser suspended sediment during the wet season is characterised by a more complex PSD pattern,with a wider range of particle sizes,greater heterogeneity,and greater homogeneity of distribution over the measurement interval.However,the multifractal structure of the PSD of suspended sediment is more complex during the dry season than during the wet season,with higher local dispersion and variability.The findings of the current study highlight that multifractal analysis provides important insight for understanding the PSD of suspended sediment in the TGR.  相似文献   

三峡水库中段库底水体CH₄浓度变化及其主要影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

秦宇  苏友恒  李哲  刘正勉  张渝阳 《湖泊科学》2021,33(1):299-308

甲烷(CH4)是一种重要的温室气体,对全球气候变化有不可忽视的影响.三峡水库是中国最大的水库,其潜在的CH4释放近年来备受关注.然而,此地区现存研究主要集中于水气界面通量观测,对库底沉积物同底层水体CH4浓度变化之间关系的认知仍然欠缺.为探究三峡水库泥沙主要沉降淤积的中段区域库底水体CH4浓度变化及其主要影响因素,本研究于2017年8月2018年11月在涪陵南沱镇、忠县石宝寨、万州小周镇采集库底上覆水体和底泥样本,并结合三峡水库调度运行特征进行分析.结果表明,三峡水库中段库底上覆水CH4浓度范围为0.02~0.91μmol/L,二氧化碳(CO 2)浓度范围为0.006~0.105 mmol/L,沉积物有机碳含量范围为7~90 g/kg,总氮含量范围为0.27~45.6 g/kg.另外,三峡水库低水位运行时期(59月),上游及陆源输入大量异源性有机碳是该时期三峡库中段底部CH4积累的充分条件.在水库高水位运行时期(10月次年4月),水位与径流变化对三峡水库中段底部CH4的影响并不明显,库底自源性有机质相对比重有所增加,温度是该时期影响水库底层水体CH4浓度分布的主要水环境因素.  相似文献   

泄洪对典型有机污染物迁移转化行为的影响——以丹江口水库为例     

张胜  苏紫颖  林莉  陶晶祥  潘雄  董磊 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):108-117

随着高坝水库的建设,大坝泄洪雾化对生态环境的影响已得到较多研究,而泄洪雾化对污染物迁移转化行为的影响尚未引起关注.本研究于2019年对丹江口大坝泄洪期间坝前和坝下多个断面进行了采样调查,分析了水体中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)和6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的浓度.发现泄洪后坝下水体中检测出的8种PAHs和5种PAEs浓度...  相似文献   

高渗水合物储层的孔隙可压缩性反演          下载免费PDF全文

邓炜  梁金强  匡增桂  何玉林  梁劲  钟桐 《地球物理学报》2021,64(1):298-313

孔隙可压缩性与水合物储层物性相关.由于海域天然气水合物埋藏较浅,沉积物尚未成岩,海底水合物储层处于固结和完全未固结之间的状态,通过岩石物理推导证明,这两种状态下体积模量之差仅与孔隙可压缩性相关,因此孔隙可压缩性反应了岩石颗粒从悬浮态到正常压实的成岩进程,它可能与储层束缚水饱和度及渗透率密切相关.本文利用多口典型井数据分析了孔隙可压缩性与渗透率的关系,结果表明在海底浅层沉积物中渗透率越高,孔隙可压缩性越小,孔隙可压缩性对高渗储层的判识能力明显强于其他参数.然后,本文建立了两种状态下叠前地震反射特征的差异与岩石孔隙可压缩性的联系,提出双状态叠前反演方法,综合利用叠前地震数据以及测井资料反演得到了岩石孔隙可压缩性.实际应用效果表明,孔隙可压缩性较好的预测了高渗透率地层,气烟囱、粗粒的高含砂层等含气流体疏导通道渗透率较高,同时为水合物形成提供有利条件.  相似文献   

基于“3S”技术的大伙房水库汇水区农村生活污染负荷分析     

汤洁  张爱丽  李昭阳  杨巍  李娜  张楠 《湿地科学》2012,10(3):306-311

运用ArcGIS软件解译大伙房水库汇水区的卫星影像数据,结合行政区划图确定汇水区3条主要河流两岸1 000m为农村生活污染负荷评估范围,采用排污系数法估算农村生活污染负荷.结果表明,研究区农村生活污染负荷为8 420.28t/a,其中,生活污水的污染负荷占总量的99.40％.农村生活污染对流域水质的贡献率为27.84％,所排放的污染物对河流的贡献率大小依次是氨氮(34.95％)、总磷(27.81％)、化学需氧量(25.53％)和总氮(23.08％),农村生活污染已成为大伙房水库汇水区水体污染的重要源.  相似文献